Browsing Titles index "Metabolic brain disease"
Now showing items 1-18 of 18
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Ammonia toxicity: from head to toe?
(Springer, 2016-12)Ammonia is diffused and transported across all plasma membranes. This entails that hyperammonemia leads to an increase in ammonia in all organs and tissues. It is known that the toxic ramifications of ammonia primarily touch the brain and cause ... -
The bile duct ligated rat : a relevant model to study muscle mass loss in cirrhosis
(Springer, 2016-12)Muscle mass loss and hepatic encephalopathy (complex neuropsychiatric disorder) are serious complications of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) which impact negatively on clinical outcome and quality of life and increase mortality. Liver disease leads ... -
Brain edema : a valid endpoint for measuring hepatic encephalopathy?
(2016-06)Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication of liver failure/disease which frequently develops during the progression of end-stage liver disease. This metabolic neuropsychiatric syndrome involves a spectrum of symptoms, including cognition ... -
Effect of portacaval anastomosis on glutamine synthetase protein and gene expression in brain, liver and skeletal muscle
(1999)The effects of chronic liver insufficiency resulting from end-to-side portacaval anastomosis (PCA) on glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, protein and gene expression were studied in brain, liver and skeletal muscle of male adult rats. Four weeks ... -
Elevated cerebral lactate : implications in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
(Springer, 2014-06-11)Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome, is a frequent complication of liver failure/disease. Increased concentrations of lactate are commonly observed in HE patients, in the systemic circulation, but also in the brain. ... -
Glycine and hyperammonemia : potential target for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
(Springer, 2016-06-23)Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by hepatic dysfunction. Numerous studies dictate that ammonia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HE, and hyperammonemia can lead to alterations in amino acid homeostasis. ... -
Hypothermia in acute liver failure
(2004)The development of encephalopathy in patients with acute liver injury defines the occurrence of liver failure. The encephalopathy of acute liver failure is characterized by brain edema which manifests clinically as increased intracranial pressure. ... -
Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain
(2009-03)Elevated concentrations of ammonia in the brain as a result of hyperammonemia leads to cerebral dysfunction involving a spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms (impaired memory, shortened attention span, sleep-wake inversions, brain ... -
Increased expression of "peripheral-type" benzodiazepine receptors in human temporal lobe epilepsy: implications for PET imaging of hippocampal sclerosis
(2002)Increased binding sites for "peripheral-type" benzodiazepine receptor (PTBR) ligands have been described in a wide range of neurological disorders including both human and experimental epilepsy. This study was undertaken to assess PTBR expression in ... -
Increased extracellular brain glutamate in acute liver failure: decreased uptake or increased release?
(2002)Glutamatergic dysfunction has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in acute liver failure (ALF). Increased extracellular brain glutamate concentrations have consistently been described in different ... -
L-ornithine-L-aspartate in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy: therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action
(1998-06)Strategies aimed at the lowering of blood ammonia remain the treatment of choice in portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). L-ornithine-L-aspartate (OA) has recently been shown to be effective in the prevention of ammonia-precipitated coma in humans with ... -
Lessons on brain edema in HE : from cellular to animal models and clinical studies
(Springer, 2023-08-22)Brain edema is considered as a common feature associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, its central role as cause or consequence of HE and its implication in the development of the neurological alterations linked to HE are still under debate. ... -
Limited capacity for ammonia removal by brain in chronic liver failure: potential role of nitric oxide
(2005-12)Chronic liver failure leads to hyperammonemia and consequently increased brain ammonia concentrations, resulting in hepatic encephalopathy. When the liver fails to regulate ammonia concentrations, the brain, devoid of a urea cycle, relies solely on the ... -
Mild hypothermia in the prevention of brain edema in acute liver failure: mechanisms and clinical prospects
(2002-12)Mild hypothermia (32 degrees C-35 degrees C) reduces intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure and may offer an effective adjunct therapy in the management of these patients. Studies in experimental animals suggest that this beneficial ... -
Mild hypothermia prevents cerebral edema and CSF lactate accumulation in acute liver failure
(2001-06)Evidence from both clinical and experimental studies demonstrates that mild hypothermia prevents encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure (ALF). As part of a series of studies to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in this protective effect, ... -
Oxidative stress: a systemic factor implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
(2013)Although ammonia is considered the main factor involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), it correlates well with the severity of HE in acute liver failure, but not in chronic liver disease. Oxidative stress is another factor believed ... -
Portacaval anastomosis-induced hyperammonemia does not lead to oxidative stress
(2010-03)Ammonia is neurotoxic and believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). It has been demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, that acute and high ammonia treatment induces oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ... -
Role of manganese in the pathogenesis of portal-systemic encephalopathy
(1998-12)Amongst the potential neurotoxins implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, manganese emerges as a new candidate. In patients with chronic liver diseases, manganese accumulates in blood and brain leading to pallidal signal hyperintensity ...
