Macrostructural aspects in oral narratives in Brazilian Portuguese by left and right hemisphere stroke patients with low education and low socioeconomic status

Abstract

Objective: Individuals with a stroke in either the left (LH) or right hemisphere (RH) often present macrostructural impairments in narrative abilities. Understanding the potential influence of low education and low socioeconomic status (SES) is critical to a more effective assessment of post-stroke language. The first aim was to investigate macrostructural processing in low education and low SES individuals with stroke in the LH or RH or without brain damage. The second aim was to verify the relationships between macrolinguistic, neuropsychological, and sociodemographic variables. Methods: Forty-seven adults with LH (n = 15) or RH (n = 16) chronic ischemic stroke and 16 matched (age, education, and SES) healthy controls produced three oral picture-sequence narratives. The macrostructural aspects analyzed were cohesion, coherence, narrativity, macropropositions, and index of lexical informativeness and were compared among the three groups. Then, exploratory correlations were performed to assess associations between sociodemographic (such as SES), neuropsychological, and macrostructural variables. Results: Both LH and RH presented impairments in the local macrostructural aspect (cohesion), while RH also presented impairments in more global aspects (global coherence and macropropositions). All five macrostructural variables correlated with each other, with higher correlations with narrativity. Naming was correlated with all macrostructural variables, as well as pre-stroke reading and writing habits (RWH), showing that higher naming accuracy and higher RWH are associated with better macrostructural skills. Conclusion: The present results corroborate the role of the LH in more local processing and the RH in more global aspects of discourse. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of investigating discourse processing in healthy and clinical populations of understudied languages such as Brazilian Portuguese, with various levels of education, SES, and reading and writing habits.