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Mild hypothermia in the prevention of brain edema in acute liver failure: mechanisms and clinical prospects
(2002-12)
Mild hypothermia (32 degrees C-35 degrees C) reduces intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure and may offer an effective adjunct therapy in the management of these patients. Studies in experimental animals ...
Keeping cool in acute liver failure: rationale for the use of mild hypothermia
(2005)
Encephalopathy, brain edema and intracranial hypertension are neurological complications responsible for substantial morbidity/mortality in patients with acute liver failure (ALF), where, aside from liver transplantation, ...
Increased extracellular brain glutamate in acute liver failure: decreased uptake or increased release?
(2002)
Glutamatergic dysfunction has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in acute liver failure (ALF). Increased extracellular brain glutamate concentrations have consistently ...
Limited capacity for ammonia removal by brain in chronic liver failure: potential role of nitric oxide
(2005-12)
Chronic liver failure leads to hyperammonemia and consequently increased brain ammonia concentrations, resulting in hepatic encephalopathy. When the liver fails to regulate ammonia concentrations, the brain, devoid of a ...
Loss of noradrenaline transporter sites in frontal cortex of rats with acute (ischemic) liver failure
(2001)
There is increasing evidence that central noradrenaline (NA) transport mechanisms are implicated in the central nervous system complications of acute liver failure. In order to assess this possibility, binding sites for ...
Acute insult of ammonia leads to calcium-dependent glutamate release from cultured astrocytes, an effect of pH
(2005)
Hyperammonemia is a key factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as well as other metabolic encephalopathies, such as those associated with inherited disorders of urea cycle enzymes and in Reye's syndrome. ...
Direct molecular and spectroscopic evidence for increased ammonia removal capacity of skeletal muscle in acute liver failure
(2006-06)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has been proposed that, in acute liver failure, skeletal muscle adapts to become the principle organ responsible for removal of blood-borne ammonia by increasing glutamine synthesis, a reaction that is ...
Association of reduced extracellular brain ammonia, lactate, and intracranial pressure in pigs with acute liver failure
(2007-12)
We previously demonstrated in pigs with acute liver failure (ALF) that albumin dialysis using the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) attenuated a rise in intracranial pressure (ICP). This was independent of ...
L-ornithine phenylacetate attenuates increased arterial and extracellular brain ammonia and prevents intracranial hypertension in pigs with acute liver failure
(2009-07)
Hyperammonemia is a feature of acute liver failure (ALF), which is associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain herniation. We hypothesized that a combination of L-ornithine and phenylacetate (OP) would ...
Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain
(2009-03)
Elevated concentrations of ammonia in the brain as a result of hyperammonemia leads to cerebral dysfunction involving a spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms (impaired memory, shortened attention span, ...