Sex differences in cocaine use in rats
dc.contributor.advisor | Samaha, Anne-Noël | |
dc.contributor.author | Algallal, Hajer | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-12-09T20:37:17Z | |
dc.date.available | NO_RESTRICTION | fr |
dc.date.available | 2019-12-09T20:37:17Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-06-19 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2019-02 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22801 | |
dc.subject | Addiction | fr |
dc.subject | Auto administration | fr |
dc.subject | Cocaïne, Différences de sexe | fr |
dc.subject | Accès prolongé | fr |
dc.subject | Accès intermittent | fr |
dc.subject | sensibilisation psychomotrice | fr |
dc.subject | Motivation | fr |
dc.subject | Ratio progressif | fr |
dc.subject | Sex differences | fr |
dc.subject | Cocaine | fr |
dc.subject | self-administration | fr |
dc.subject | Long Access | fr |
dc.subject | Intermittent Access | fr |
dc.subject | Psychomotor sensitization | fr |
dc.subject | Progressive Ratio | fr |
dc.subject.other | Health Sciences - Pharmacology / Sciences de la santé - Pharmacologie (UMI : 0419) | fr |
dc.title | Sex differences in cocaine use in rats | fr |
dc.type | Thèse ou mémoire / Thesis or Dissertation | |
etd.degree.discipline | Sciences biomédicales | fr |
etd.degree.grantor | Université de Montréal | fr |
etd.degree.level | Maîtrise / Master's | fr |
etd.degree.name | M. Sc. | fr |
dcterms.abstract | Les mâles et les femelles répondent différemment à la cocaïne. La transition vers la toxicomanie peut être plus rapide chez les femmes. En préclinique, les femelles sont plus vulnérables aux propriétés renforçantes et motivationnelles de la cocaïne. Les études rapportant des différences sexuelles sur la consommation de cocaïne ont majoritairement été menées avec un accès continu à la drogue [e.g., LgA (sessions de 6 h), Long Access ou ShA (sessions de 1-2 h), Short Access]. Ceci favorise des niveaux de cocaïne au cerveau soutenus pendant toute la session d’auto-administration. Or, les usagers les plus expérimentés de cocaïne consommeraient la drogue par intermittence au sein d’une session d’intoxication, ce qui produirait des pics de cocaïne au cerveau. Un nouveau modèle d’auto-administration de cocaïne chez le rat autorise cet accès intermittent (IntA) à la cocaïne. L’accès IntA, versus LgA, produit les changements neurobiologiques, psychologiques et comportementaux pertinents à la toxicomanie. Ici, nous avons comparé la consommation de cocaïne chez des mâles et des femelles ayant un accès quotidien IntA ou LgA à la drogue (10 sessions de 6 h, 0.25 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.). Les rats des deux sexes LgA ont consommé plus de cocaïne que les rats IntA, mais seules les femelles LgA ont escaladé leur consommation. La sensibilisation psychomotrice était uniquement vue chez les rats IntA, de façon plus importante chez les femelles. Cinq et 25 jours après la dernière session IntA ou LgA, la motivation pour la drogue sous ratio progressif (0.083-0.75 mg/kg/infusion) était similaire chez les rats IntA et LgA. Les femelles étaient plus motivées à avoir la drogue que les mâles, uniquement dans un contexte IntA. Ainsi, les conditions LgA et IntA pourraient être utiles à étudier les différences sexuelles dans la consommation de cocaïne ou dans l’état motivationnel des animaux pour la drogue, respectivement. | fr |
dcterms.abstract | In both humans and laboratory animals, females and males can respond differently to cocaine. Women can progress more rapidly from initial cocaine use to addiction. Studies in laboratory rodents have also demonstrated that females can be more vulnerable to the reinforcing and incentive motivational effects of cocaine. Most preclinical studies characterizing the effects of cocaine use in females and males have been conducted using continuous-access self-administration procedures [e.g., (6 h sessions), Long Access or ShA (1-2 h sessions), Short Access]. These procedures achieve produces high brain concentrations of drug. However, human addicts take cocaine intermittently during a bout of intoxication, and this would produce spiking brain cocaine levels. A recent intermittent-access (IntA) cocaine self-administration procedure models this in rats. Compared to LgA, IntA self-administration is uniquely effective in producing the neurobiological, psychological and behavioral changes that underlie the transition to cocaine addiction. Here, we compared cocaine use in female and male rats that self-administered the drug (0.25 mg/kg/ infusion, i.v.) during 10 daily, 6-h LgA or IntA sessions. LgA rats took more cocaine than IntA rats, and only female LgA rats escalated their intake. However, only IntA rats (both sexes) developed psychomotor sensitization and sensitization was greatest in the females. Five and 25 days after the last self-administration session, we quantified incentive motivation for cocaine by measuring breakpoints for the drug under progressive ratio under progressive ratio schedule. There were no significant sex differences on this measure in LgA rats. However, under IntA, females reached higher breakpoints for cocaine than males. Thus, LgA might be best suited to study sex differences in cocaine intake, while IntA might be best suited to study sex differences in incentive motivational processes in cocaine addiction. | fr |
dcterms.language | eng | fr |
UdeM.ORCIDAuteurThese | 0000-0001-5421-9137 | fr |
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