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dc.contributor.advisorTrudeau, Louis-Éric
dc.contributor.authorCassidy, Pamela
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-24T17:36:17Z
dc.date.availableNO_RESTRICTIONfr
dc.date.available2019-01-24T17:36:17Z
dc.date.issued2018-10-11
dc.date.submitted2018-04
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1866/21382
dc.subjectMaladie de Parkinsonfr
dc.subjectDopaminefr
dc.subjectModèle Animalfr
dc.subjectNéonatalfr
dc.subject6-hydroxydopaminefr
dc.subjectArborization Axonalefr
dc.subjectCroissance Compensatoirefr
dc.subjectVulnérabilitéfr
dc.subjectSubstance noirfr
dc.subjectAire tegmentaire ventralefr
dc.subjectParkinson’s diseasefr
dc.subjectDopaminefr
dc.subjectAnimal Modelfr
dc.subjectNeonatalfr
dc.subject6-hydroxydopaminefr
dc.subjectAxonal arborizationfr
dc.subjectCompensatory Sproutingfr
dc.subjectVulnerabilityfr
dc.subjectSubstantia Nigrafr
dc.subjectVentral tegmental areafr
dc.subject.otherHealth Sciences - Pharmacology / Sciences de la santé - Pharmacologie (UMI : 0419)fr
dc.titleIncreasing Axonal Arborization Size of Dopamine Neurons to Produce a Better Mouse Model of Parkinson's Diseasefr
dc.typeThèse ou mémoire / Thesis or Dissertation
etd.degree.disciplinePharmacologiefr
etd.degree.grantorUniversité de Montréalfr
etd.degree.levelMaîtrise / Master'sfr
etd.degree.nameM. Sc.fr
dcterms.abstractDans la maladie de Parkinson, les neurones dopaminergiques (DA) de la substance noire compacte (SNc) sont particulièrement vulnérables dû a leurs très grande taille de l'arborisation axonale, des besoins énergétiques très élevés et du stress oxidatif chroniquement élevé associés à ce phénotype. Étrangement, les modèles génétiques murins de la maladie de Parkinson ne montrent pas de dégénérescence spontanée des neurones DA. Notre hypothèse principale est que suite à une lésion partielle des neurones DA de la SNc, les neurones survivants montreront un bourgeonnement axonal compensatoire, ce qui résultera, chez la souris adulte, en une population de neurones DA dotée d'une arborisation axonale beaucoup plus grande et d'une vulnérabilité basale accrue. Une lésion unilatérale d'approximativement 50% des neurones DA était induite dans la SNc par une injection unilatérale de 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) chez des souris de 5 jours des deux sexes. Les souris ont alors ensuite évaluées à l'âge de 3 mois. Dans une première étape, nous avons quantifié la taille de l'arborisation axonale des neurones DA en infectant une sous-population de ces neurones avec un virus AAV-EYFP. Dans une deuxième étape, la vulnérabilité des neurones DA était évaluée à l’age de P135, en injectant les souris avec une virus d’alpha-synucléin à P90. Nos résultats montrent qu'à la suite d'une lésion partielle des neurones DA de la SNC, les neurones survivants se compensent en augmentant leur taille d’arborization axonale par environ 2 fois. Cette compensation se traduit par environ 3-fois l'augmentation de la vulnérabilité de ces neurones lorsqu'ils sont exposés à un stress secondaire.fr
dcterms.abstractIn Parkinson’s disease (PD), dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) are one of the key subsets of neurons particularly vulnerable to degeneration. Research has only started to elucidate some of the potential causes of this selective vulnerability, but the exceptionally large and complex axonal arborization of these neurons appears to play an important role due to its impact of cellular bioenergetics and oxidative stress. Unfortunately, genetic mouse models of PD have until now not been able to replicate the spontaneous loss over time of SNC dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This could be due in part to the fact that DA neurons in mice do not have an axonal arborization as developed as that of DA neurons in the human brain. We hypothesized that manipulations which increase axonal arborization size in SNC dopamine neurons in mice will increase their vulnerability to cellular stress, resulting in a greater risk of cell death. Our objective was to force SNC neurons to develop a larger than normal axonal arborization, thereby increasing their energy expenditures and vulnerability. An approximate 60% lesion of dopaminergic neurons was induced in the SNC through unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in male and female neonatal mice. Axonal arborization size was quantified at P90 using a conditional AAV-EYFP virus and confocal microscopy. In the second phase of the project, we examined the vulnerability of SNC DA at P135 neurons to subsequent viral overexpression of alpha-synuclein. Our results show that a partial lesion of SNc dopamine neurons in neonatal mice induced an approximate 2-fold increase in compensatory sprouting of surviving neurons and, by consequence, greatly increased the density of their axonal projections to the striatum. This compensatory process increased the vulnerability of the surviving SNC DA neurons to alpha-synuclein toxicity by nearly 3-fold. These findings are compatible with our initial hypothesis and suggest that producing mice that have DA neurons with larger axonal arborizations may facilitate the development of better mouse models of PD.fr
dcterms.languageengfr


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