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Le pentecôtisme sous l’œil des femmes kaingang : adaptations et transformations suite à la conversion
Thesis or Dissertation
Abstract(s)
Au cours des 40 dernières années, plusieurs églises pentecôtistes se sont implantées au sein de la communauté kaingang, un peuple autochtone du Brésil méridional, où elles connaissent une popularité considérable. La conversion à cette religion engendre diverses transformations au niveau idéologique qui ont des répercussions importantes sur les rôles des genres (masculin et féminin) au sein de cette société. La présente étude s’intéresse aux transformations qui en résultent dans la vie des femmes kaingang du village Sede de la Terra Indígena Xapecó; un village où les femmes forment de loin la majorité des adeptes au sein des églises pentecôtistes. La popularité du pentecôtisme auprès des femmes peut, à prime abord, sembler paradoxale puisque ce mouvement religieux promeut des valeurs sociales conservatrices.
Nos observations révèlent que les femmes perçoivent bien plus d’avantages que de désavantages à la conversion au pentecôtisme. La vie de ces femmes se trouve transformée sous plusieurs angles à travers l’adoption d’un mode de vie régulé par les enseignements de la Bible et l’orientation du soi vers Dieu. Plusieurs changements sont observés par les femmes, notamment des transformations personnelles, à la fois dans les sphères domestique et publique. L’analyse des données démontre que la forte présence féminine au sein des églises ainsi que l’agentivité de ces dernières contribue à rendre positive et valorisante l’expérience de cette religion. Over the past 40 years, several Pentecostal churches have emerged in the Kaingang community, an indigenous people of southern Brazil, where those churches experience considerable popularity. The conversion to this religion generates various ideological transformations that have a significant impact on gender roles within the community. This study examines the transformations that result from this phenomenon in the life of the Kaingang women in the Sede village of the Terra Indígena Xapecó; a village where women represent by far the majority of practitioners within the Pentecostal churches. The popularity of Pentecostalism among women may at first seem paradoxical given that this religious movement promotes conservative social values.
Our observations reveal that women perceive more benefits than disadvantages to converting to Pentecostalism. Their lives are transformed in several respects through the adoption of a way of life guided by the teachings of the Bible and an orientation of the self toward God. Several changes occur for these women, including personal transformations, both in the domestic and public spheres. Data analysis shows that the strong female presence within the churches and their own agency yields a positive and rewarding experience from this religion. Nos últimos 40 anos, várias igrejas pentecostais implantaram-se na comunidade Kaingang, um povo indígena do sul do Brasil, onde elas têm uma popularidade considerável. A conversão para esta religião gera transformações diversas num nível ideológico que têm um impacto significativo sobre os papéis de gênero (masculino e feminino) dentro desta sociedade. Este estudo analisa as transformações na vida das mulheres kaingang da aldeia Sede da Terra Indígena Xapecó que resultam da conversão ao pentecostalismo. Nesta aldeia, as mulheres constituem a maioria dos adeptos dentro das igrejas pentecostais. A popularidade do pentecostalismo entre as mulheres pode parecer, à primeira vista, paradoxal por que este movimento religioso promove valores sociais conservadores.
Nossas observações mostram que as mulheres percebem mais benefícios do que desvantagens depois da conversão ao pentecostalismo. A vida dessas mulheres transforma-se de várias maneiras através da adopção de um modo de vida regulado pelos ensinamentos da Bíblia e a orientação do si para Deus. Várias mudanças foram observadas com as mulheres, incluindo transformações pessoais, tanto nas esferas domésticas e públicas. A análise dos dados mostra que a forte presença feminina dentro das igrejas e a agency delas contribuam a tornar a experiência desta religião positiva e gratificante.
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