Criminal achievement and offender self-efficacy
dc.contributor.advisor | Morselli, Carlo | |
dc.contributor.author | Laferrière, Dominique | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2014-01-17T17:57:59Z | |
dc.date.available | NO_RESTRICTION | fr |
dc.date.available | 2014-01-17T17:57:59Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013-11-07 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2013-07 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10279 | |
dc.subject | Criminologie | fr |
dc.subject | Auto-efficacité | fr |
dc.subject | Évaluations cognitives des délinquants | fr |
dc.subject | Persévérance | fr |
dc.subject | Désistement | fr |
dc.subject | Agentivité | fr |
dc.subject | Criminology | fr |
dc.subject | Self-efficacy | fr |
dc.subject | Offenders' cognitive appraisals | fr |
dc.subject | Persistence | fr |
dc.subject | Desistance | fr |
dc.subject | Human agency | fr |
dc.subject.other | Sociology - Criminology and Penology / Sociologie - Criminologie et établissements pénitentiaires (UMI : 0627) | fr |
dc.title | Criminal achievement and offender self-efficacy | fr |
dc.type | Thèse ou mémoire / Thesis or Dissertation | |
etd.degree.discipline | Criminologie | fr |
etd.degree.grantor | Université de Montréal | fr |
etd.degree.level | Maîtrise / Master's | fr |
etd.degree.name | M. Sc. | fr |
dcterms.abstract | La notion de réussite criminelle a essentiellement été définie au moyen de l’indicateur objectif des gains monétaires. Si l’idée selon laquelle l’argent est au coeur de la réussite professionnelle fait l’objet d’un large consensus social, il semble improbable que les gains monétaires permettent à eux seuls d’appréhender la réussite. Pour mieux comprendre certaines dimensions des carrières criminelles telles que la persistance et le désistement, il paraît utile de se pencher sur la manière dont les criminels définissent leur propre réussite. Il a été établi que l’auto-efficacité, soit la croyance que possède un individu en sa capacité à accomplir une tâche, permet de prédire plusieurs dimensions des carrières légitimes. À partir de la théorie sur l’auto-efficacité, ce mémoire examine de quelle manière se forme l’auto-efficacité criminelle. Nous soutenons que les perceptions relatives à la réussite criminelle sont affectées par des facteurs semblables à ceux qui jouent dans le développement de l’auto-efficacité légitime. Nous partons de l’hypothèse que les criminels forgent leur auto-efficacité à partir de quatre sources d’expérience : les réussites personnelles, l’apprentissage vicariant, la persuasion sociale et les états physiologiques. Il est également avancé que certaines caractéristiques individuelles et environnementales ont un impact significatif sur le développement de l’auto-efficacité criminelle. Sur la base d’entrevues auprès de 212 délinquants, nos résultats indiquent que l’auto-efficacité criminelle est une construction complexe fondée sur les caractéristiques individuelles et environnementales, ainsi que sur les expériences criminelles personnelles. Nous discutons de l’impact éventuel de ces conclusions sur l’appréhension de la persévérance et du désistement dans les carrières criminelles. | fr |
dcterms.abstract | The study of success in crime has been primarily restricted to a single objective indicator: earnings. While there is broad cultural agreement that money is a central component of career success, it is unlikely that earnings are the sole factor equated with achievement. Understanding how offenders subjectively define success for themselves might prove informative in understanding criminal career outcomes such as persistence and desistance. Self-efficacy – the belief that one can successfully perform a behavior leading to desired types of performance – has been shown to predict various legitimate occupational outcomes. Drawing from the self-efficacy and social cognitive career theories, this thesis explores how criminal self-efficacy beliefs are formed. It is argued that factors akin to the ones leading to the development of legitimate self-efficacy also serve as a basis for perceptions of success in crime. More specifically, it is hypothesized that criminal self-efficacy is forged as offenders interpret information from four experiential sources: personal performance accomplishments, vicarious learning, social persuasion, and physiological states and reactions. Because cognitive self-appraisals are not formed in a vacuum, it is also argued that individual and environmental characteristics exert a significant impact on the development of criminal self-efficacy. Based on interviews with 212 incarcerated offenders, our results suggest that criminal self-efficacy is complexly built from individual and environmental characteristics, as well as from personal experiences with crime. The potential repercussion of these findings on the understanding of criminal persistence and desistance are discussed. | fr |
dcterms.language | eng | fr |
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