Non-covalent formulation of active principles with dendrimers: current state-of-the-art and prospects for further development

Abstract

During the last three decades, dendrimers, nano-sized highly-branched fractal-like symmetrical macromolecules, have been intensively studied as promising candidates for application as drug-delivery carriers. Among other important characteristics arising from their unique and highly-controlled architecture, size and surface properties, the possibility of hosting guest molecules in internal voids represents a key advantage underlying the potential of dendrimers as non-covalent drug-encapsulating agents. The impressive amount of accumulating experimental results to date allows researchers to identify the most important and promising theoretical and practical aspects of the use of dendrimers for this purpose. This review covers the main factors, phenomena, and mechanisms involved in this drug-vectorization approach, including mechanisms of non-covalent dendrimer-drug association, dendrimer-dendrimer interactions, as well as biological properties relevant to the host dendrimers. A discussion is then provided to illustrate some successful existing formulation strategies as well as to propose some new possible ones to optimize further development of the field.