BACKGROUND: This study investigated the potential environmental effects of peer victimization and the quality of relationships with parents and friends on diurnal cortisol secretion in mid-adolescence. METHOD: ...

Introduction By and large, studies have reported moderate contributions of genetic factors to cortisol secreted in the early morning and even smaller estimates later in the day. In contrast, the cortisol awakening ...

Introduction In the last decades, cortisol has been extensively studied in association to early exposure to adversity as well as in the etiology of a number of physical and mental problems. While saliva and blood samples ...

Many youths who are victimized by peers suffer from depression symptoms. However, not all bullying victims become depressed and individuals’ biological sensitivity may play an important moderating role in this regard. ...