Abstract(s)
Background: Using a longitudinal twin design and a latent growth curve/autoregressive
approach, this study examined the genetic-environmental architecture of substance use across
adolescence.
Methods: Self-reports of substance use (i.e., alcohol, marijuana) were collected at ages 13, 14,
15 and 17 years from 476 twin pairs (475 boys, 477 girls) living in the Province of Quebec,
Canada. Substance use increased linearly across the adolescent years.
Results: ACE modeling revealed that genetic, as well as shared and non-shared environmental
factors explained the overall level of substance use and that these same factors also partly
accounted for growth in substance use from age 13 to age 17. Additional genetic factors
predicted the growth in substance use. Finally, autoregressive effects revealed age-specific nonshared
environmental influences and, to a lesser degree, age-specific genetic influences, which
together accounted for the stability of substance use across adolescence.
Conclusions: The results support and expand the notion that genetic and environmental
influences on substance use during adolescence are both developmentally stable and
developmentally dynamic.