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Oxidative stress: a systemic factor implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
(2013)
Although ammonia is considered the main factor involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), it correlates well with the severity of HE in acute liver failure, but not in chronic liver disease. Oxidative ...
Effect of portacaval anastomosis on glutamine synthetase protein and gene expression in brain, liver and skeletal muscle
(1999)
The effects of chronic liver insufficiency resulting from end-to-side portacaval anastomosis (PCA) on glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, protein and gene expression were studied in brain, liver and skeletal muscle of ...
Mild hypothermia in the prevention of brain edema in acute liver failure: mechanisms and clinical prospects
(2002-12)
Mild hypothermia (32 degrees C-35 degrees C) reduces intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure and may offer an effective adjunct therapy in the management of these patients. Studies in experimental animals ...
Keeping cool in acute liver failure: rationale for the use of mild hypothermia
(2005)
Encephalopathy, brain edema and intracranial hypertension are neurological complications responsible for substantial morbidity/mortality in patients with acute liver failure (ALF), where, aside from liver transplantation, ...
Neuropathological changes in the brain of pigs with acute liver failure
(2010-08)
Abstract Objective. Cerebral edema is a serious complication of acute liver failure (ALF), which may lead to intracranial hypertension and death. An accepted tenet has been that the blood-brain barrier is intact and that ...
Increased extracellular brain glutamate in acute liver failure: decreased uptake or increased release?
(2002)
Glutamatergic dysfunction has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in acute liver failure (ALF). Increased extracellular brain glutamate concentrations have consistently ...
Limited capacity for ammonia removal by brain in chronic liver failure: potential role of nitric oxide
(2005-12)
Chronic liver failure leads to hyperammonemia and consequently increased brain ammonia concentrations, resulting in hepatic encephalopathy. When the liver fails to regulate ammonia concentrations, the brain, devoid of a ...
Loss of noradrenaline transporter sites in frontal cortex of rats with acute (ischemic) liver failure
(2001)
There is increasing evidence that central noradrenaline (NA) transport mechanisms are implicated in the central nervous system complications of acute liver failure. In order to assess this possibility, binding sites for ...
L-ornithine-L-aspartate in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy: therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action
(1998-06)
Strategies aimed at the lowering of blood ammonia remain the treatment of choice in portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). L-ornithine-L-aspartate (OA) has recently been shown to be effective in the prevention of ...
Acute insult of ammonia leads to calcium-dependent glutamate release from cultured astrocytes, an effect of pH
(2005)
Hyperammonemia is a key factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as well as other metabolic encephalopathies, such as those associated with inherited disorders of urea cycle enzymes and in Reye's syndrome. ...